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ADHD and Anxiety Medication People with ADHD often have co-occurring anxiety disorders. Anxiety can lead to irritation, restlessness and trouble sleeping. Stimulant medication can help alleviate symptoms, but it may cause adverse effects, such as tics or slight growth decreases in adolescents and children. Some people also notice that their anxiety increases when taking stimulant drugs. Stimulants Stimulants can be used to treat ADHD and Narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. You can find them in the form of capsules, tablets or chunky crystals. They can also be found in brown or white dust. The use of large doses of stimulants can result in over-stimulation, anxiety, stomach cramps, panic attacks or paranoia. Long-term use of stimulants can also lead to addiction and serious side effects, such as heart problems, high blood pressure and stroke. They have also been proven to alleviate anxiety symptoms. They help by increasing the availability of the brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine, which tend to be lower in those with ADHD. This improves communication and activity between brain regions that control executive and attention. This leads to improved impulse control and anxiety symptoms decreasing. Studies have demonstrated that both atomoxetine as well as methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in adults suffering from ADHD and other anxiety disorders. Improvement in anxiety symptoms was observed from the fourth week of treatment for both drugs and the effect was maintained for 8 weeks of treatment. It is important to keep in mind that the kind of medication that is best for treating anxiety and ADHD co-occurring symptoms might depend on which disorder is more affecting the quality of life of an individual. An individual may experience many small-scale crises that cause anxiety in a regular manner as they try to meet appointments or complete tasks at school or at work. These can be very distressing and might cause them to be anxious on a more frequent basis than the symptoms of a particular anxiety or panic attack. In these instances it is possible to address the anxiety-related symptoms by taking antidepressants or SSRIs, which have been proven to be effective in reducing anxiety levels in adults. These are taken orally, and can take a long time to begin working. The most commonly used options are selective serotonin inhibits (SSRIs) that include Sertraline, Fluoxetine, and serotonin, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), such as duloxetine and venlafaxine. These can be taken as a supplement to cognitive-behavioral treatment for anxiety, and are particularly beneficial if a patient has an elevated heart rate or blood pressure. SSRIs Antidepressants, like SSRIs (antidepressant medications) are frequently used to treat anxiety disorders. The drug that is the most popular in this category is fluoxetine, more commonly known as Prozac. The SSRIs are also effective in treating obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic disorder. add in adults medication are more versatile than the earlier versions of antidepressants. Additionally, they have fewer and less dangerous side effects. The SSRIs work by inhibiting serotonin's reuptake at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter inside the synapse to remain active and signal the post synaptic cells more than would be the case in other circumstances. This may increase the output of norepinephrine and reduce anxiety. It can also lead to increased levels of the neuronal cyclic AMP (cAMP) which can stimulate protein synthesis. Additionally, SSRIs may reduce impulsivity and decrease hyperactivity. They can also improve sleep quality and reduce agitation in some individuals with ADHD. These medications can, however increase the possibility of suicidal behavior and thoughts among some people. They also can increase appetite and weight gain when first starting. The SNRIs are a distinct type of antidepressant than SSRIs. SNRIs prevent the reuptake of serotonin as well as norepinephrine. They can also have an impact on anxiety. They can enhance the functioning of the heart muscle and blood vessels. This can reduce feelings of anxiety and stress. Some adults with bipolar disorder also benefit from their use. Duloxetine (Cymbalta) Venlafaxine, Duloxetine (Cymbalta), (Effexor XR, Pristiq) and desvenlafaxine are the most popular SNRIs. SNRIs can cause blood pressure to rise in certain people, and those with high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease should stay clear of these medications. There are a variety of behavioral treatments for anxiety and ADHD that can be employed in addition to medication. Meditation and mindfulness techniques can help reduce anxiety and stress. Some people find that tapping on certain points on the body, also known as Emotional Freedom Techniques can help reduce the cortisol hormone that causes anxiety. Exercise and diet can reduce anxiety. Your doctor can suggest eating whole vegetables, fruits and grains and avoid sugar, which can worsen anxiety in certain ADHD adults and children. Non-stimulant-based medications Although stimulants are highly effective in treating ADHD, and have been extensively researched but they are not the best option for those who suffer from anxiety or ADHD. These medications can trigger side effects like jitteriness, rapid heart rate and nervousness that can resemble or exacerbate anxiety symptoms. Since 2002, non-stimulant drugs are being used to treat ADHD (under the brand name Strattera). They don't increase blood pressure or heart rate and are less likely to have anxiety-related side effects like shaking, sweating or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for the brain chemical norepinephrine and can improve attention and reduce impulsivity as well as hyperactivity. It has also been found to alleviate anxiety symptoms in adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers collected clinical articles from PubMed EMBASE PsycINFO and PsycINFO to determine whether atomoxetine improved anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. Bupropion is another drug that can ease anxiety symptoms. It targets the brain chemical, dopamine. Bupropion is usually recommended for those suffering from coexisting depression and ADHD. It can also improve mood and decrease symptoms of anxiety. It is generally recommended to investigate and treat the root cause of anxiety before treating the ADHD because it will typically help to alleviate anxiety symptoms. In some instances, anxiety symptoms in ADHD children are the cause of their anxiety. Psychostimulants and cognitive-behavioral treatments are generally the most effective treatments for anxiety in this type of situation. These treatments can help reduce ADHD symptoms and anxiety by addressing the root cause of the problem. Antidepressants are also often prescribed to those suffering from coexisting ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants that target Serotonin, a chemical in the brain, can aid in relieving anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft, Lexapro and Sertraline. Ultimately, the decision of which medication is right for you will be determined by your doctor. They will consider your lifestyle, symptoms, age and other health conditions before recommending any medication. It is essential to discuss with your doctor your treatment goals and to stick to a routine daily when taking any medication. Other options Depending on your unique health objectives, there are additional treatment options that may also help you manage ADHD and anxiety. These include mindfulness yoga, meditation yoga, yoga, tapping (Emotional Freedom Techniques) sleep and nutrition, as well as exercise and healthy eating habits. Dr. Hallowell says that people with anxiety are more prone to develop symptoms of ADHD, which makes it difficult to treat both conditions at the same time. He typically prescribes stimulants first to treat ADHD, and then turns to non-stimulant medications such as bupropion, atomoxetine or guanfacine for anxiety disorders. These work around the clock and are not controlled drugs like stimulants.